srcmini本文概述
SFTP代表SSH文件传输协议或安全文件传输协议, 是与SSH打包在一起的独立协议, 在完全安全的连接上以类似的方式工作。尽管SFTP已集成到用户可以使用的许多图形工具中, 但是如果你是开发人员, 则可以将此类功能集成到你的应用程序中。这样, 你可以处理用户使用此工具时的实际操作, 并且他们将继续使用单个应用程序来处理所有事情, 即你的应用程序。
在本文中, 我们将向你展示在WinForms C＃中使用广为人知的SSH.NET库使用SFTP时, 如何安装以及如何完成一些基本任务。
1.安装SSH.NET
第一步, 通过NuGET继续在项目中安装SSH.NET库。 SSH.NET是针对.NET的安全Shell(SSH)库, 已针对并行性进行了优化。这个项目的灵感来自从Java移植的Sharp.SSH库, 而且似乎已经有一段时间没有被支持了。该库是使用.NET 4.0进行的完全重写, 没有任何第三方依赖性, 并使用并行性来实现最佳性能。它为同步和异步操作提供SFTP功能, 这正是我们所需要的。
在Visual Studio中打开你的项目, 然后转到窗口右上角的解决方案资源管理器, 然后右键单击项目的解决方案。从上下文菜单中选择”管理NuGet软件包”选项：
从紧急窗口(或选项卡)导航至”浏览”选项卡并搜索SSH.NET。从结果列表中, 选择authro Renci的第一个选项, 然后继续安装：
库安装完成后, 你将可以在项目中使用它而不会出现问题。不要忘了在你的类的顶部(你要使用它的地方)和其他添加SshNet类型：
using Renci.SshNet;
using Renci.SshNet.Sftp;
using System.IO;2.用法
用法将基本上通过许多示例来显示, 这些示例说明了如何使用SFTP实现所需的最关键的任务：
列出目录中的文件
你可以使用以下使用SFTPClient.ListDirectory方法的代码段(同步)列出目录的内容：
/// <summary>
/// List a remote directory in the console.
/// </summary>
private void listFiles()
{
string host = @"yourSftpServer.com";
string username = "root";
string password = @"p4ssw0rd";
string remoteDirectory = "/some/example/directory";
using (SftpClient sftp = new SftpClient(host, username, password))
{
try
{
sftp.Connect();
var files = sftp.ListDirectory(remoteDirectory);
foreach (var file in files)
{
Console.WriteLine(file.Name);
}
sftp.Disconnect();
}
catch (Exception e)
{
Console.WriteLine("An exception has been caught " + e.ToString());
}
}
}或通过在另一个线程中运行代码来异步：
Thread myThread = new System.Threading.Thread(delegate () {
string remoteDirectory = "/some/example/directory";
string host = @"yourSftpServer.com";
string username = "root";
string password = @"p4ssw0rd";
using (SftpClient sftp = new SftpClient(host, username, password))
{
try
{
sftp.Connect();
var files = sftp.ListDirectory(remoteDirectory);
foreach (var file in files)
{
Console.WriteLine(file.Name);
}
sftp.Disconnect();
}
catch (Exception er)
{
Console.WriteLine("An exception has been caught " + er.ToString());
}
}
});
myThread.Start();连接密钥文件和密码
如果你同时使用私钥文件和密码来连接到SFTP服务器, 则可以使用以下代码段创建连接：
string host = @"yourSftpServer.com";
string username = "root";
string password = @"p4ssw0rd";
PrivateKeyFile keyFile = new PrivateKeyFile(@"path/to/OpenSsh-RSA-key.ppk");
var keyFiles = new[] { keyFile };
var methods = new List<AuthenticationMethod>();
methods.Add(new PasswordAuthenticationMethod(username, password));
methods.Add(new PrivateKeyAuthenticationMethod(username, keyFiles));
ConnectionInfo con = new ConnectionInfo(host, 22, username, methods.ToArray());
using (var client = new SftpClient(con))
{
client.Connect();
// Do what you need with the client !
client.Disconnect();
}下载单个文件
要下载文件, 可以使用SFTPClient.DownloadFile方法, 并使用System.IO.File.OpenWrite方法在本地写入：
/// <summary>
/// Downloads a file in the desktop synchronously
/// </summary>
public void downloadFile()
{
string host = @"yourSftpServer.com";
string username = "root";
string password = @"p4ssw0rd";
// Path to file on SFTP server
string pathRemoteFile = "/var/www/vhosts/some-folder/file_server.txt";
// Path where the file should be saved once downloaded (locally)
string pathLocalFile = Path.Combine(Environment.GetFolderPath(Environment.SpecialFolder.Desktop), "download_sftp_file.txt");
using (SftpClient sftp = new SftpClient(host, username, password))
{
try
{
sftp.Connect();
Console.WriteLine("Downloading {0}", pathRemoteFile);
using (Stream fileStream = File.OpenWrite(pathLocalFile))
{
sftp.DownloadFile(pathRemoteFile, fileStream);
}
sftp.Disconnect();
}
catch (Exception er)
{
Console.WriteLine("An exception has been caught " + er.ToString());
}
}
}或者, 你可以使其异步创建另一个线程并在其中执行代码：
Thread myThread = new System.Threading.Thread(delegate () {
string host = @"yourSftpServer.com";
string username = "root";
string password = @"p4ssw0rd";
// Path to file on SFTP server
string pathRemoteFile = "/var/www/vhosts/some-folder/file_server.txt";
// Path where the file should be saved once downloaded (locally)
string pathLocalFile = Path.Combine(Environment.GetFolderPath(Environment.SpecialFolder.Desktop), "download_sftp_file.txt");
using (SftpClient sftp = new SftpClient(host, username, password))
{
try
{
sftp.Connect();
Console.WriteLine("Downloading {0}", pathRemoteFile);
using (Stream fileStream = File.OpenWrite(pathLocalFile))
{
sftp.DownloadFile(pathRemoteFile, fileStream);
}
sftp.Disconnect();
}
catch (Exception er)
{
Console.WriteLine("An exception has been caught " + er.ToString());
}
}
});
myThread.Start();下载整个目录
如果你需要下载整个目录(甚至是子文件夹和子文件), 则需要创建2个函数, 其中之一是递归的。第一个功能是DownloadFile, 它允许你通过远程目录和本地路径作为参数下载文件。第二个功能是DownloadDirectory方法, 该方法将列出Providen目录中的所有文件并对其进行迭代。分别地, 如果该项是文件, 那么它将使用DownloadFile方法下载它, 或者如果它是一个文件夹, 则它将创建它：
/// <summary>
/// Downloads a remote directory into a local directory
/// </summary>
/// <param name="client"></param>
/// <param name="source"></param>
/// <param name="destination"></param>
private void DownloadDirectory(SftpClient client, string source, string destination, bool recursive = false)
{
// List the files and folders of the directory
var files = client.ListDirectory(source);
// Iterate over them
foreach (SftpFile file in files)
{
// If is a file, download it
if (!file.IsDirectory && !file.IsSymbolicLink)
{
DownloadFile(client, file, destination);
}
// If it's a symbolic link, ignore it
else if (file.IsSymbolicLink)
{
Console.WriteLine("Symbolic link ignored: {0}", file.FullName);
}
// If its a directory, create it locally (and ignore the .. and .=)
//. is the current folder
//.. is the folder above the current folder -the folder that contains the current folder.
else if (file.Name != "." && file.Name != "..")
{
var dir = Directory.CreateDirectory(Path.Combine(destination, file.Name));
// and start downloading it's content recursively :) in case it's required
if (recursive)
{
DownloadDirectory(client, file.FullName, dir.FullName);
}
}
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Downloads a remote file through the client into a local directory
/// </summary>
/// <param name="client"></param>
/// <param name="file"></param>
/// <param name="directory"></param>
private void DownloadFile(SftpClient client, SftpFile file, string directory)
{
Console.WriteLine("Downloading {0}", file.FullName);
using (Stream fileStream = File.OpenWrite(Path.Combine(directory, file.Name)))
{
client.DownloadFile(file.FullName, fileStream);
}
}接下来, 你可以继续使用凭据创建客户端, 并使用先前创建的方法开始下载远程目录。请注意, 由于下载整个目录会花费一些时间, 因此建议仅以异步方式(创建线程)使用它, 但这只是一个建议, 你可以解开代码：
Thread myThread = new System.Threading.Thread(delegate () {
string host = @"yourSftpServer.com";
string username = "root";
string password = @"p4ssw0rd";
// Path to folder on SFTP server
string pathRemoteDirectory = "/var/www/vhosts/some-folder-to-download";
// Path where the file should be saved once downloaded (locally)
string pathLocalDirectory = Path.Combine(Environment.GetFolderPath(Environment.SpecialFolder.Desktop), "example-local-folder");
using (SftpClient sftp = new SftpClient(host, username, password))
{
try
{
sftp.Connect();
// By default, the method doesn't download subdirectories
// therefore you need to indicate that you want their content too
bool recursiveDownload = true;
// Start download of the directory
DownloadDirectory(
sftp, pathRemoteDirectory, pathLocalDirectory, recursiveDownload
);
sftp.Disconnect();
}
catch (Exception er)
{
Console.WriteLine("An exception has been caught " + er.ToString());
}
}
});
myThread.Start();删除远端档案
要从远程目录中删除文件, 请使用SFTPClient.DeleteFile方法：
/// <summary>
/// Delete a remote file
/// </summary>
private void deleteFile()
{
string host = @"yourSftpServer.com";
string username = "root";
string password = @"p4ssw0rd";
// Path to folder on SFTP server
string pathRemoteFileToDelete = "/var/www/vhosts/folder/somefile.txt";
using (SftpClient sftp = new SftpClient(host, username, password))
{
try
{
sftp.Connect();
// Delete file
sftp.DeleteFile(pathRemoteFileToDelete);
sftp.Disconnect();
}
catch (Exception er)
{
Console.WriteLine("An exception has been caught " + er.ToString());
}
}
}编码愉快！
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